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hey welcome again to another edition of

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ness at home space board series I'm

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Joshua santoor your host traditionally

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coming to you from the Kennedy Space

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Center but today as usual for a series

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I'm coming to you live from my house

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super excited today to get into talking

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about what's still happening at the

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Kennedy Space Center this beautiful

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rover the Mars 2020 Rover recently named

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perseverance if you look really closely

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up towards the wheels on the upper

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right-hand side you can actually see

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there's one of the bars it's labeled

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with perseverance so there is a ton of

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really cool work happening right now

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getting perseverance ready they're

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undergoing assembly they're getting

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ready to package this thing wheels have

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been installed parachutes have been

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installed the helicopter has been

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installed and we are charging towards a

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July launch so milestones happening

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every day new and exciting things

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happening all the time we are pumped

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about that

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so as we progress through this series

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and through this episode please feel

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free to send us your questions let us

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know what you'd like to see in future

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episodes and feel free to and please

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subscribe to our channel we'd love to

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have you follow us as we move on but I

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do want to go ahead and bring in our

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guests now so today I'm joined by two of

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our engineers from Mars Science

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Laboratory first up we've got al jinn al

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is the Mars 2020 entry descent and

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landing phase lead we'll talk more about

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EDL in a little bit but now thanks for

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joining us thanks for having me yeah we

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also have Chloe sack here is a Mars 2020

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ETL again entry descent and landing

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systems engineer so obviously these two

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folks are extremely critical to the work

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going on so let me just kind of open up

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and say what are you what are you

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working on for Mars 2020 what is really

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do how you want to start sure the entry

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descent and landing team is charged with

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getting the rover safely from the

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with the atmosphere of Mars down to the

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down to the ground safely

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that means wheels down on the ground in

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one piece which means we have to go

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through a lot of things to get there the

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person you know hidden the atmosphere at

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at twelve thirteen thousand miles an

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hour and then ending when we touched

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down safely at the ground had about

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one-and-a-half miles an hour Chloe how

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about you what's uh what's your role for

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for Mars 2020 specifically systems

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engineer well what does that really mean

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so like everybody else on our team I do

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several different things primarily I'm

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the EDL communication systems engineer

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which means that I'm responsible for

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ensuring that our spacecraft is talking

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to our orbiters and that the rich set of

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data that we generate during ETL makes

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it off of our spacecraft to our orbiters

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and then through the Deep Space Network

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and ultimately back to us here at JPL so

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that we can reconstruct exactly what is

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happening during media and share it with

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the world like many other members of my

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team and also a member of the EDL

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testing team in the mission system

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testbed so here we get to dry-run EDL

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over and over and ensure that our flight

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software is interfacing correctly with

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our hardware we essentially get to

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practice EDL over and over sometimes in

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off nominal situations to ensure that

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our flight system is robust to anything

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that Mars might throw at it so thinking

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about so taking a step back for a second

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looking at the big picture here so

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obviously we're kind of pinged on kind

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of what EDL means and we're what your

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roles are but we're talking about

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launching what is essentially a small

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car the size of a small car anyway it's

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gonna fly through space to Mars on a

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journey that takes I think it's eight

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months to get there okay so seven and a

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half eight months in that timeframe and

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so we're trying to slow down enough to

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land safely so let's talk about where

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are we gonna land because obviously Mars

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is not a small place there's lots

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happening on Mars so where are we going

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but first friends will landed Deseret

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crater on marks which I'll can tell you

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more about how that's such a rich and

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interesting scientific location we're

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going to be touching down there on

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Thursday February 18th next year 2021 it

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will be about 3:30 p.m. East Coast time

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12:30 p.m. here in California Oh

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incidentally it'll also be 3:30 p.m. at

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jezero local the first time so can you

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tell us this is what are we seeing in

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this picture I know this is from the

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Martian surface but what is this Delta

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in the middle jezero crater pass

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emissions have shown us that Mars in the

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past was wet and habitable and had all

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the kind of building blocks of life so

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Mars 2020 is kind of charged with taking

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that next step where you know can we

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find the signs of past light at a place

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like jezero crater one of the reasons

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whether we're going to death row crater

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is that is what you're seeing right here

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in this picture is a picture of the

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Delta that we see here you can kind of

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see the the wash where the where the

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water may have come into this so this is

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create this ancient Delta from the west

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side here and then deposit this Delta to

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see if the signs of past light we needed

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to go to a place that they have might've

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had life in the past you know that's not

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a first ingredient and the second

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question is candidate that have been for

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surge preserved over the over the

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billions of years so that we can find

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the evidence of it now so that's kind of

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the reason why we're going to a place

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like general crater but the from us from

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the from the entry descent and landing

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perspective none of that matters that we

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can't land there safely in fact this

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site was considered for curiosity

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actually on Mars Science Laboratory to

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pass but rejected as being too unsafe

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but now we think we have the tools to

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allow us to land there so too unsafe I'm

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gonna ask that question then if it was

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too unsafe for curiosity then what gives

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you the confidence and I believe that we

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can do it obviously you guys are the

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experts you know what you're doing

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so how are we so confident that we can

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do that today well we're looking for

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land site we have to make sure of a few

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things right there to make sure that we

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command there safely we're trying to

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make sure that site isn't too high

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the atmosphere of Mars is really thin

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and we use it to stop so if we go to a

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site that's really high we have less

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atmosphere to use to stop less stopping

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power that's kind of the first thing we

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look for the second thing we're looking

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for is the atmosphere we don't want to

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go to a place where the weather is bad

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where there can be a lot of wind shears

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or unpredictable weather so that's

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something that we're also screening

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landing sites for and thirdly

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we have to make sure that the terrain

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itself is safe enough to land on in the

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past we've tried to make sure that faces

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but we could land on were kind of as

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parking lot as possible right we want to

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land in the in Flat Rock three places

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kind of like runways right that that

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make it easy for us to put the rover

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right down on its wheels but while while

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perseverance here looks a lot like Mars

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tweak or looks a lot like curiosity from

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the outside and the UDL system looks

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great similar we've added a couple of

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things that will help us land land

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Chloe can probably talk through the how

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we get through from the top the

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atmosphere to the bottom then I'll talk

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a little bit about how we've added a few

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things to make a place like Jess or a

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possible yeah Chloe as you kind of talk

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through that process of kind of from the

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atmosphere to the the surface there we

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had a question come in on social on the

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chat window actually asking are you

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tracking real-time data what's that

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process like for understanding at this

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very moment what's happening during the

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EDL process so happy to hear your answer

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yeah so first to summarize what the EDL

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process looks like like al alluded to

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earlier as he mentioned we hit the

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atmosphere at a screaming velocity going

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about 5.5 to 5.6 kilometers per second

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or maybe more attractable number 12 to

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13,000 miles per hour we use the

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atmosphere to start slowing down

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protected by our heat shield otherwise

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we burn up while we're steering towards

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our target using Apollo adaptive guided

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entry and then we deployed the largest

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supersonic planetary parachute that has

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ever been used it's about 21 and a half

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meters in diameter and we'll deploy that

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at a Mach of around 1.75 and then we

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slow down a little bit we jettison our

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heat shield around Mach 0.7 uncovering

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the radar which we can use to start

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searching for the ground

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and then at that point our descent stage

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drops out of the backshell execute the

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divert maneuver so that it doesn't

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recontact the backshell and the

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parachute that's still attached and then

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the descent stage takes us down to the

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velocity of only 0.75 meters per second

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at just about 20 meters off of the

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ground in shoes where we execute the sky

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crane maneuver that was originally

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debuted on curiosity which separates the

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rover from the descent stage like a

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rocket jetpack and touches perseverance

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down safely and slowly on her wheels and

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then we separate the descent stage and

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fly it away to a safe distance and all

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throughout that process we can't really

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joystick it or RC it here on earth we

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can't control it at all because at that

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point the one-way light time between

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Earth and Mars is over ten minutes so

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the best we can do is set perseverance

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up to safely fly EDL all by herself but

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we are receiving telemetry that's

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real-time to us throughout that whole

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process that mission controlling you

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figure out what's happening and

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specifically I think the person online

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asked about Amaro's involvement does

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that data come via MRO which is the Mars

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Reconnaissance Orbiter or other

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satellites that we have on mars or is it

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coming straight back to us we are

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definitely using MRO as one of our

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partner or ruse to relay that data yeah

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cool we had another question come in I

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don't know if either of you can answer

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this but curious to know if you know

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there was a really cool piece done for

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curiosity's landing called the seven

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minutes of Terror kind of alluding to

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what you just mentioned Chloe the idea

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that we can't control it we've just set

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it up for success which is kind of a

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cool like really terrifying reality

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hence the seven minutes of Terror are we

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gonna have another piece like that to

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kind of talk about what's different this

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time around

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obviously there's hopefully a little

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less terror because we've done it once

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really successfully yeah we definitely

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added a few things here that are a

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little bit more terrifying certainly the

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sight is more challenging than we've

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gone to that but you're right we have a

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little bit more confidence from from the

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past mission from curiosity and we have

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a lot of inheritance from that mission

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that make us confident that we're gonna

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make it successfully but we've added a

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couple of tools within after descent

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landing itself to make our ride

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hopefully a little bit safer and help us

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land and

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the use of gnarly places like Jazz Row

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one is a range trigger this is the

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ability to deploy the parachute based on

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navigated range this helps to shrink the

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area that we might land on curiosity we

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deployed the parachute based on just

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hitting the particular navigated Wasi

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when you get to that velocity deploy the

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parachute in factory assi actually knew

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it was a little bit long of where we

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intended to deploy the parachute but

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that ik wander along so this time we're

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giving perseverance the ability to to

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figure out where it is on the way in and

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deploy the parachute based on hitting

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the actual position that we wanted to

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play the parachute app that helps us

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shrink down the area and help us fit our

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landing ellipses into a much smaller

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tighter spots like Jesu and second we've

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added something called terrain wealth

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and navigation that allows us to take

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pictures on the way down which we kind

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of did on on curiosity we kind of took

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those pictures kind of like a tourist

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who didn't really and put together a

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movie but didn't really use those in the

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landing process this time on the way

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down while we're under parachute once

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the each Hill has come off we'll be

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taking pictures of the ground and

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matching them up to an on board map it's

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kind of like you where I if we go out

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driving right you can hold your map in

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your hand and take a look around and see

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it the different landmarks that are out

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there and figure out where you are

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that's what we're asking perseverance to

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do on the way down so that once it's

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figured out figures out where it is it

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can use the propulsive part of entry

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descent landing to fly to safe spots

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what that means is we no longer need the

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entire area in which we could come down

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to be a flat and boring parking lot we

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can have lots of little small parking

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lots nearby and have hazardous things

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and in the vicinity if you go back to

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that picture of Jays row you can see

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that we're targeting the ellipse

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directly on the edge of that Delta which

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is about a 16 80 meter tall clippings

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and it's also filled with rocks to the

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east and craters and other places where

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we don't want to drive that Rover and

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the only reason this is okay is because

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as we a have shrunk that landing list to

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make it much smaller and B have put this

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terrain relative navigation system in so

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that we can find those little parking

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lots that are interspersed around these

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hazards you know there's always that

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tension between science and engineering

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from the landing side we want to land in

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as flat as boring places as possible so

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they're safe but places that the

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scientists want to go you know are like

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the Grand Canyon or like just wrote here

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where we have lots of terrain and lots

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of rocks to look at lots of

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so we found a way to balance those

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things by adding some capability to our

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entry descent landing system that

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originated on curiosity has been

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upgraded for Mars 2020 it's awesome we

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had a question come in don't know if you

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know this but are there 3d printed parts

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on perseverance there see if I can I can

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name some no that's all right it's a big

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Rover and one of the things to to kind

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of point out about 3d printing in

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general is that for things that are the

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the machines that are more common they

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print with a much more plastic II

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material but there are 3d printers that

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have the ability to print with much

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greater levels of strength of composite

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so we're not necessarily indicating that

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there's plastic pieces on there that

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might be as fragile as what you could do

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in your house there's some pretty high

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fidelity stuff some things that can even

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include Kevlar these days so pretty

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awesome there but what ask you both

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we're winding down here on time but what

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are your roles gonna be for launch and

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landing obviously for landing you guys

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have critical roles to play because

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that's really your bread and butter but

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for launch

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are you just spectating or you just

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enjoying that moment I think for lunch

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yeah most of us will just be in the

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sunshine and waving goodbye to the thing

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that many of us have spent a long time

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on a few members of our team are working

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some aspects at lunch but for entry

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descent and landing like you said our

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big days ever 18 20 21 so for that like

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I mentioned earlier there's nothing we

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can do really to control EDL the days

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leading up to ETL are very important

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because we want to ensure that we've

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configured the spacecraft so that she

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can fly the safest DDL possible so make

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sure that she has all the updated

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navigation and trajectory information

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that she would need but when it gets to

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the actual event we'll all just be in

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the Mission Control rooms at JPL

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monitoring that telemetry stream and

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sharing what we've learned with the rest

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of the world I'll hover for you yeah I

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mean that looking back and remember what

417
00:16:16,460 --> 00:16:15,240
I did for the Curiosity watch I think

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that was the last vacation I took before

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landing so hopefully we'll be on

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vacation you'll see the launch and then

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you know back to the grindstone

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make sure that we do everything

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that's that we can to make sure that we

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have a good day home decorating yeah

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00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:31,110
obviously two big dates to mark their

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July 17th is what we're targeting as our

427
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launch date I'm charging ahead stolen

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time and then you said landing was

429
00:16:44,030 --> 00:16:42,570
February what 18 February 18th okay and

430
00:16:45,710 --> 00:16:44,040
if you haven't seen it the landing

431
00:16:48,050 --> 00:16:45,720
footage from curiosity from the control

432
00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:48,060
room is pretty spectacular it's kind of

433
00:16:51,320 --> 00:16:49,680
the world championship of robotics and

434
00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:51,330
engineering I'm getting to see that

435
00:16:56,180 --> 00:16:53,610
thing come together so well though for

436
00:16:57,620 --> 00:16:56,190
both of you cheering this time in a very

437
00:17:01,730 --> 00:16:57,630
excited fashion once we get confirmation

438
00:17:05,540 --> 00:17:01,740
that we're on the ground safely Thanks

439
00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:05,550
there's like Reierson plastic all right

440
00:17:09,770 --> 00:17:07,050
i'll Chloe appreciate you both thanks

441
00:17:12,740 --> 00:17:09,780
for joining me thanks for having us John

442
00:17:14,090 --> 00:17:12,750
success all right so we are just about

443
00:17:16,220 --> 00:17:14,100
time like I said please feel free to

444
00:17:17,689 --> 00:17:16,230
continue to submit questions for us also

445
00:17:19,370 --> 00:17:17,699
please let us know what you like to see

446
00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:19,380
on future episodes subscribe to our

447
00:17:24,260 --> 00:17:22,170
Channel and wanted to highlight really

448
00:17:26,780 --> 00:17:24,270
quickly for you obviously there's a lot

449
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:26,790
happening with NASA at home it is a big

450
00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:29,250
effort of just lots of things you can do

451
00:17:32,060 --> 00:17:30,450
if you're at home and you need things to

452
00:17:34,220 --> 00:17:32,070
look at really cool ebooks and videos

453
00:17:35,510 --> 00:17:34,230
and all sorts of other things also be

454
00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:35,520
sure to check out more about Mars 2020

455
00:17:43,880 --> 00:17:40,080
at Mars nasa.gov slash Mars 2020 and I

456
00:17:46,430 --> 00:17:43,890
want to call attention to what is the

457
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the social media highlight of this week

458
00:17:50,030 --> 00:17:48,570
no question there's a lot going on on

459
00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:50,040
social media but this is the biggest

460
00:17:55,190 --> 00:17:53,610
thing we have the launch of humans from

461
00:17:57,049 --> 00:17:55,200
America to low-earth orbit for the first

462
00:18:00,500 --> 00:17:57,059
time since the retirement of the space

463
00:18:03,650 --> 00:18:00,510
shuttle program so Bob ethnic and Doug

464
00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:03,660
Hurley will be flying on May 27th aboard

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a falcon 9 and crew dragon headed to the

466
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International Space Station so we could

467
00:18:13,220 --> 00:18:12,210
not be more excited for this this is the

468
00:18:15,799 --> 00:18:13,230
culmination of the Commercial Crew

469
00:18:17,299 --> 00:18:15,809
program so very excited to see that

470
00:18:19,490 --> 00:18:17,309
happening that's gonna do it for us

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today I'm Joshua Santora usually from

472
00:18:23,419 --> 00:18:21,990
the Kennedy Space Center hoping to see

473
00:18:25,580 --> 00:18:23,429
you again later this week where we kind

474
00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:25,590
of recap our veggie episode so hopefully

475
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:27,330
you you're growing your popcorn check

476
00:18:31,100 --> 00:18:29,010
out our episode on plant growth to learn

477
00:18:33,140 --> 00:18:31,110
more about that I'll have my popcorn

478
00:18:34,370 --> 00:18:33,150
ready I'm gonna reveal it live I haven't

479
00:18:35,419 --> 00:18:34,380
looked at it so I'm excited to see where

480
00:18:37,550 --> 00:18:35,429
it where it's headed and where it's

481
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going but that's all for today